The 13 eyes consisted of 6 males and 7 females, with a mean age of 56.7 years (range, 30 – 70 years). Twenty-one eyes with lattice degeneration were attempted to be imaged using the Cirrus HD-OCT retinal scanner, of which 13 eyes (62%) were included in this study. The SD-OCT cross-sectional images and summed voxel projections, or reconstructed en face fundus views, were correlated to color fundus photographs and evaluated for characteristic changes in the retina overlying the area of lattice degeneration. SD-OCT devices utilize a superluminescent diode (SLD) light source at a near infrared wavelength of 820 nm with a bandwidth of 50 nm, achieving 5–8 μm axial resolution and a transverse resolution of ~15–20 μm in tissue. The axial resolution in OCT imaging is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the light source. A 5-line raster scan protocol consists of 5 parallel lines, each 6mm long, comprised of 4096 A-scans, and spaced 0.25mm apart. Five line raster scans taken at various angles with respect to the lattice structure using SD Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) were analyzed. 6 OCT images provide an accurate visualization of the actual retinal architecture in vivo. 6 – 9 Precise correlation with histology is limited because histological fixation produces artifacts due to processing, tissue deformation, and shrinkage. OCT has been well established as an accurate imaging study of known retinal pathology through good correlation between histology of animals and humans in vivo. This study utilized SD-OCT imaging to characterize retinal findings in lattice degeneration. This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee (IRB) of Tufts Medical Center and is compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. None of the patients included in this study presented with symptoms related to the lattice degeneration. Examination included Snellen best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, fundus biomicroscopy, color fundus photography, and OCT examination. All patients were examined on the retina service of the ophthalmology department of the New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts between October 2009 and January 2010. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to qualitatively assess the structure of lattice degeneration using SD-OCT.Ī retrospective analysis of 13 eyes of 13 patients with lattice degeneration was performed. The clinical and histological findings in lattice degeneration have been described however the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) correlate of lattice degeneration has not been previously examined. Theories have suggested regional developmental absence of the internal limiting membrane with defects in the fibers of the Müller’s cells 3 versus abnormal vitreoretinal traction dynamics. 1 The exact etiology of lattice degeneration, however, is not well understood. 1 – 4 Histological studies characterize the features of lattice degeneration as having retinal thinning, vitreous liquefaction, vitreous adhesion at lattice margins, vascular changes, retinal pigment abnormalities, and accumulations of dense amorphous material. The lesions are typically bilateral and are more often located in the temporal region of the fundus. Lattice degeneration is clinically characterized by a sharply demarcated, oval, round, or linear areas of retinal thinning, usually located between the equator of the retina and the posterior border of the vitreous base, running nearly parallel to the ora serrata in a circumferentially oriented pattern. Much of what is understood today about it is based on clinical studies, autopsy, and electron microscopic reports dating back thirty to forty years. 1, 2 Over the past decade, there has been little published on lattice degeneration. Lattice degeneration is a common, atrophic disease of the peripheral retina affecting approximately 7–10% of the general population, with peak prevalence in the second decade.
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